摘要 :
In recent years, there has been significant progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), leading to an increasing interest for integration of Al-based functions into newly developed systems. AI promises several benefits, amongst othe...
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In recent years, there has been significant progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), leading to an increasing interest for integration of Al-based functions into newly developed systems. AI promises several benefits, amongst others, beyond the state-of-the-art functions and performance. However, the use of Al-techniques also introduces new challenges regarding safety and security of systems and their certification. These challenges mostly originate from the "black box nature" of complex AI algorithms. To tackle the challenges, safety of the Al-based systems has to be addressed throughout the entire development and life cycle of the system. The adaption of existing methods to the development of Al-based systems is necessary. An established method for the development of complex systems is Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), which offers several advantages for the systems engineering process. In this paper three application examples of how MBSE can support the engineering process of Al-based systems are presented using an application use case: An Al-based threat localization system. First, a systematic development framework is used to design and model the Al-based system. Second, it is demonstrated how safety analysis can be integrated into a model of the system to identify potentially hazardous scenarios, which could arise, for example, due to erroneous predictions by an AI. For the analysis, an approach called Model-Based STPA is utilized which is based on the System-Theoretic Process Analysis. Third, it is demonstrated how MBSE can help in performing scenario-based safety assessment. From the operational domain model, executable configurations are generated to run scenario-based test cases.
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In 2013 the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) published a report on the implementation of Evidence-Based Training (EBT). EBT aims at improving the overall capabilities of a pilot trainee in certain competencies such...
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In 2013 the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) published a report on the implementation of Evidence-Based Training (EBT). EBT aims at improving the overall capabilities of a pilot trainee in certain competencies such as decision-making, communication, situational awareness and others. This results in a shift in training focus from maneuvers to the training of competencies, which in turn sets different requirements for the desired simulator training scenarios. This paper presents a training scenario design approach being driven by the expected impact on the crew rather than focusing on specific maneuvers or system failures. The so-called "Challenge-Centric" design approach was applied in the EU project Man4Gen. It forms the basis for the development of a scenario design kit that shall facilitate the design of training scenarios for Evidence-based Training.
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摘要 :
In 2013 the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) published a report on the implementation of Evidence-Based Training (EBT). EBT aims at improving the overall capabilities of a pilot trainee in certain competencies such...
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In 2013 the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) published a report on the implementation of Evidence-Based Training (EBT). EBT aims at improving the overall capabilities of a pilot trainee in certain competencies such as decision-making, communication, situational awareness and others. This results in a shift in training focus from maneuvers to the training of competencies, which in turn sets different requirements for the desired simulator training scenarios. This paper presents a training scenario design approach being driven by the expected impact on the crew rather than focusing on specific maneuvers or system failures. The so-called "Challenge-Centric" design approach was applied in the EU project Man4Gen. It forms the basis for the development of a scenario design kit that shall facilitate the design of training scenarios for Evidence-based Training.
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The aim of the Objective Motion Cueing Test (OMCT) is to demonstrate the frequency response of the complete motion cueing system of a Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD). The term "complete motion cueing system" implies all, ...
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The aim of the Objective Motion Cueing Test (OMCT) is to demonstrate the frequency response of the complete motion cueing system of a Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD). The term "complete motion cueing system" implies all, the motion cueing algorithm, the motion platform actuator extension transformation and control laws, and the motion platform hardware. The standard definition for OMCT has been published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as a part of document No. 9625. Since then the test has been performed by several simulator operators and results have been published. However, the overall test procedure is still under development and some individual tests leave room for interpretation how to be conducted. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) has recently developed a research simulator facility in Braunschweig named AVES (Air VEhicle Simulator). AVES is enabling research on rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft with a high level of fidelity. In this paper the experiences of DLR with respect to OMCT applied to the electro-pneumatic motion system of AVES are presented.
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摘要 :
The aim of the Objective Motion Cueing Test (OMCT) is to demonstrate the frequency response of the complete motion cueing system of a Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD). The term "complete motion cueing system" implies all, ...
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The aim of the Objective Motion Cueing Test (OMCT) is to demonstrate the frequency response of the complete motion cueing system of a Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD). The term "complete motion cueing system" implies all, the motion cueing algorithm, the motion platform actuator extension transformation and control laws, and the motion platform hardware. The standard definition for OMCT has been published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as a part of document No. 9625. Since then the test has been performed by several simulator operators and results have been published. However, the overall test procedure is still under development and some individual tests leave room for interpretation how to be conducted. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) has recently developed a research simulator facility in Braunschweig named AVES (Air VEhicle Simulator). AVES is enabling research on rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft with a high level of fidelity. In this paper the experiences of DLR with respect to OMCT applied to the electro-pneumatic motion system of AVES are presented.
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Airborne software development, according to the current prescriptive certification standards, imposes restrictions, among others, on emerging technologies. Enabling new trends in software engineering, reducing cost, fostering inno...
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Airborne software development, according to the current prescriptive certification standards, imposes restrictions, among others, on emerging technologies. Enabling new trends in software engineering, reducing cost, fostering innovations, and increasing safety is the holy grail for airborne software developers. An Overarching Properties-based process is a technology-independent approach that defines three quality properties the product must have to achieve certification approval. It is yet to be adequately investigated and officially regulated. This work explores qualifying a software tool with Overarching Properties based on the results of System-Theoretic Process Analysis. The objective is to provide confidence in the tool utilization by systematically analyzing risk factors and proving that the developer or the user has mitigated them. The argument will be structured using the Overarching Properties. We use experience from qualifying the software tools according to DO-330/ED-215 as a benchmark to evaluate our attempt in terms of cost, efficiency, and reusability. In addition, this experiment will expose problems that may hinder realizing a flexible new development/approval framework.
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摘要 :
Airborne software development, according to the current prescriptive certification standards, imposes restrictions, among others, on emerging technologies. Enabling new trends in software engineering, reducing cost, fostering inno...
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Airborne software development, according to the current prescriptive certification standards, imposes restrictions, among others, on emerging technologies. Enabling new trends in software engineering, reducing cost, fostering innovations, and increasing safety is the holy grail for airborne software developers. An Overarching Properties-based process is a technology-independent approach that defines three quality properties the product must have to achieve certification approval. It is yet to be adequately investigated and officially regulated. This work explores qualifying a software tool with Overarching Properties based on the results of System-Theoretic Process Analysis. The objective is to provide confidence in the tool utilization by systematically analyzing risk factors and proving that the developer or the user has mitigated them. The argument will be structured using the Overarching Properties. We use experience from qualifying the software tools according to DO-330/ED-215 as a benchmark to evaluate our attempt in terms of cost, efficiency, and reusability. In addition, this experiment will expose problems that may hinder realizing a flexible new development/approval framework.
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The modeling and simulation community in aviation is in search of standardization in simulation scenario definition. While the System Entity Structure (SES) ontology promises an effective formal means of domain modeling, computati...
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The modeling and simulation community in aviation is in search of standardization in simulation scenario definition. While the System Entity Structure (SES) ontology promises an effective formal means of domain modeling, computational representation is still a key challenge to tackle for fostering wide-acceptance and standardization. This paper presents an extended Markup Language (XML) based approach. It first gives the relational specification and the schema definition of the SES ontology. Following a layered modeling workflow, it then presents a schema definition for the simulation scenario definition language and exemplifies its utilization.
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摘要 :
The modeling and simulation community in aviation is in search of standardization in simulation scenario definition. While the System Entity Structure (SES) ontology promises an effective formal means of domain modeling, computati...
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The modeling and simulation community in aviation is in search of standardization in simulation scenario definition. While the System Entity Structure (SES) ontology promises an effective formal means of domain modeling, computational representation is still a key challenge to tackle for fostering wide-acceptance and standardization. This paper presents an extended Markup Language (XML) based approach. It first gives the relational specification and the schema definition of the SES ontology. Following a layered modeling workflow, it then presents a schema definition for the simulation scenario definition language and exemplifies its utilization.
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With the ever increasing complexity of airborne systems, it is becoming extremely hard to identify, analyze and resolve problems during the life-cycle of aircraft. Increasing the reliability of future air vehicles designed for the...
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With the ever increasing complexity of airborne systems, it is becoming extremely hard to identify, analyze and resolve problems during the life-cycle of aircraft. Increasing the reliability of future air vehicles designed for the airspace with rapidly growing traffic, collecting data during the system design and manufacturing phases and fetching information about the product's future from this data is becoming critical. Digital Twin is defined as a virtual copy of a product that is created starting from the very first moment when the product idea materializes. The virtual copy reflects the real one by using all of the available data. Digital Twin also promises understanding, learning and reasoning from the real-time product data. Nowadays, data collection, data analytics, machine learning and Big Data are gaining importance within Digital Transformation. These technological improvements are also pushing the Digital Twin concept. This paper aims at, while not exclusive, a comprehensive review of the available approaches and technologies, in addition to the challenges facing Digital Twin and the future of Digital Twin for aircraft.
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